Foreign aid, the international
transfer of capital, goods, or services from a country or international
organization for the benefit of the recipient country or its population. Aid
can be economic, military, or emergency humanitarian (e.g., aid given following
natural disasters).
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Foreign aid can involve a transfer of
financial resources or commodities (e.g., food or military equipment) or
technical advice and training.
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The resources can take the form of
grants or concessional credits (e.g., export credits).
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The most common type of foreign aid is
official development assistance (ODA), which is assistance given to promote
development and to combat poverty.
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The primary source of ODA—which for
some countries represents only a small portion of their assistance—is bilateral
grants from one country to another, though some of the aid is in the form of
loans, and sometimes the aid is channeled through international organizations
and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).
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For example, the International
Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF) have provided significant amounts of aid to countries and to NGOs
involved in assistance activities.
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